*Christiaan Barnard, cardiac surgery, first heart transplantation
*William DeVries, first permanent artificial heart transplant
*John Heysham Gibbon (1903–1973), first open heart surgery
*John Hunter, first aneurysm operation and founder of early schools of anatomy
*Theodore H. Schwartz, first center in New York City to use intraoperative MRI scanning during endoscopic pituitary surgery
*Lall Sawh, C.M.T., F.R.C.S.(Edin.). Kidney transplantation pioneer in the Caribbean and Latin America. Early proponent of Viagra.
*Michael Woodruff, transplantation pioneer.
*Paul Randall Harrington, first interior fixation of the spine by means of a Harrington rod.
*Paolo Macchiarini, first stem cell grown trachea transplant.
*Frederic E. Mohs, developed the Mohs Micrographic Surgery technique (MMS) aka Mohs surgery in 1938 to remove skin cancer lesions.
*Richard Lehman (surgeon), pioneered several orthopedic surgeries that are designed to minimize scarring and lower re-injury chances.
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